A Review on Oxygen-Deficient Titanium Oxide for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Photocatalytic technology based on the specific band structure of semiconductors offers a promising way to solve urgent energy and environmental issues in modern society. In particular, hydrogen production from water splitting over semiconductor photocatalysts attracts great attention owing clean source application energy, which highly depends performance photocatalysts. Among various photocatalysts, TiO2 has been intensively investigated used extensively due its outstanding photocatalytic activity, high chemical stability, non-toxicity, low cost. However, pure wide gap approximately 3.2 eV, limits activity for generate only under ultraviolet light, excluding most inexhaustible sunlight human beings. Fortunately, can be manipulated, introducing oxygen defects is one effective measures narrow titanium oxides. This review considers fundamentals TiO2, discusses latest progress this field, summarizes methods strategies induce crystals. Then, next section outlines modification approaches oxygen-deficient oxide (TiO2−δ) further improve performance. Finally, brief summary outlook studies TiO2−δ produce are presented.